Original or post-war paintings? The fixed wooden scenery of the Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza: a guided multidisciplinary approach based on scientific analyses and HBIM

Archival resources, a photogrammetric survey, analysis of materials and techniques, and evaluation of the state
of conservation were interconnected phases in the interdisciplinary research on the perspective scenery of the Teatro
Olimpico in Vicenza. To fill existing gaps related to the history of this unique artefact and to the undocumented
retouching of paint layers on the scenery during post-war reconstruction work, a broad analytical approach (optical
microscopy, XRPD, SEM–EDX, μFTIR and μRaman) was applied to micro-samples, the selection of which was guided
by consolidated geometrical and archival data. The aims were to obtain a characterisation of the pigments and binders
and to evaluate the microstratigraphic sequence, the state of conservation of the scenery flats, and the deterioration
processes involved. The findings unveiled a discernible variability in the production techniques of the finishes,
frequently lacking the classic microstratigraphic sequence associated with the traditional method for painting
on wooden panels from the sixteenth century. Moreover, by identifying many pigments that could be used as temporal
markers we were able unequivocally to establish, for the first time, that a significant part of the scenery designed
by the architect Vincenzo Scamozzi was heavily repainted in the post-WWII period. These analytical results and all
the data collected on the artefacts over time were related through an HBIM model, enabling the historical and technical-
analytical information to be linked to the geometrical survey and thus to provide guidance for actions based
on current and future knowledge for the maintenance and monitoring of the Teatro Olimpico.