Planning and maintaining Nature Based Solutions : Lessons for foresight and sustainable care from Berlin, Jakarta, Melbourne and Santiago de Chile

Nature-based solutions (NBS) in cities offer significant ecological benefits but face challenges in planning, maintenance, and equitable distribution. This chapter explores how urban green spaces and trees can be preserved or restored and examines how new NBS can deliver long-term benefits. Case studies from Jakarta, Melbourne, Berlin, and Santiago highlight urban issues addressed through NBS, focusing on public green spaces, urban trees, and planning obstacles in diverse contexts. Despite their differences, these cities share common challenges in implementing and sustaining NBS, including climate pressures, limited land availability, unequal green space distribution, and maintenance gaps. The proposed solutions emphasize adaptive planning, strategic maintenance, public participation, and sustainable resource use.