Spatial distribution of temperature in the low-temperature geothermal Euganean Field (NE, Italy): a simulated annealing approach

The spatial distribution of groundwater temperatures in the low-temperature (60–86 ◦ C) geothermal Euganean field of northeastern Italy has been studied using a geostatistical approach. The data set consists of 186 temperatures measured in a fractured limestone reservoir, over an area of 8 km2. Investigation of the spatial continuity by means of variographic analysis revealed the presence of anisotropies that are apparently related to the particular geologic structure of the area. After inference of variogram models, a simulated annealing procedure was used to perform conditional simulations of temperature in the domain being studied. These simulations honor the data values and reproduce the spatial continuity inferred from the data. Post-processing of the simulations permits an assessment of temperature uncertainties. Maps of estimated temperatures, interquartile range, and of the probability of exceeding a prescribed 80 ◦ C threshold were also computed. The methodology described could prove useful when siting new wells in a geothermal area.